What is the initial response of periodontal tissues to plaque accumulation?

The initial response of periodontal tissues to plaque accumulation is characterized by inflammation, which leads to gingivitis. When plaque—a sticky film composed of bacteria—accumulates on the tooth surface, the body's immune system responds to the bacterial invasion. This immune response triggers inflammation in the gingival tissues, characterized by increased blood flow, swelling, redness, and tenderness.

Gingivitis is often the first stage of periodontal disease and occurs when the plaque is not effectively removed through proper oral hygiene practices. If left untreated, this inflammation can progress, potentially leading to more serious forms of periodontal disease, such as periodontitis, which involves attachment loss and other detrimental effects on the surrounding tissues.

The other options represent different stages or outcomes related to periodontal disease. For instance, calculus formation comes after plaque accumulation if it is not managed through daily oral hygiene, whereas bone resorption typically occurs at later stages of periodontal disease as it progresses beyond gingivitis. Complete tissue healing would typically not occur in the presence of untreated plaque and inflammation. Therefore, the essence of the response to plaque accumulation is indeed inflammation leading to gingivitis.