What is the main purpose of scaling and root planing?

The primary focus of scaling and root planing is to remove plaque and tartar from the root surfaces of teeth and to reduce inflammation in the surrounding gum tissue. This deep-cleaning procedure is essential in treating periodontal disease, as it helps to eliminate bacterial toxins that can lead to gum inflammation and infection. By smoothing the root surfaces, scaling and root planing also promote healing of the gums and help re-establish a healthier attachment between the teeth and the gums. This process is critical for preventing further progression of periodontal disease and is a foundational aspect of periodontal therapy.

The other options, such as whitening teeth, treating cavities, or straightening misaligned teeth, focus on cosmetic or restorative dentistry rather than on the management of periodontal health.