What is the role of dental plaque in periodontal disease?

Dental plaque plays a significant role in periodontal disease because it is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria that continuously forms on the teeth. When dental plaque accumulates, it can lead to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), and if left untreated, this condition can progress to more severe forms of periodontal disease, including periodontitis. In periodontitis, the inflammation is more profound, leading to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including bone loss.

The bacteria present in dental plaque release toxins and produce acids that can irritate the gum tissues, making them swollen and more susceptible to infection. As plaque matures, it can mineralize to form tartar (calculus), which further exacerbates the inflammatory response and complicates the management of periodontal health. Therefore, the presence and buildup of dental plaque are directly linked to the onset and progression of periodontal disease, making it a critical factor in understanding and managing oral health.